An approach to generating a backup server is using a shell script.  A script can define directories to backup, and pass those directories as arguments to the tar utility, which creates an archive file. The archive file can then be moved or copied to another location.

Explain public, private, protected functions and variables inside a class in PHP.

I'll define a variable as a property

Assuming there is a new field requiring a change on a content type. How do you ensure the changes apply in the next deployment?

There are a couple of ways to achieve this... depending on whether a custom module exists or not.  I'll focus on using Drush.

Replicate

Replicate the bug in your local environment.

Check

Check - do you have the latest version of the contrib module?  In case the issue has already been identified and resolved.

A quick check of the issue list for the contrib module.

Nothing.

2 or 3 approaches to build a homepage or landing page through Drupal

Please include any limitations & considerations of each approach

Building a homepage a few options to consider and should against a business case:

1. Article

An article – create a new node (assuming a least one content type exists), then using Basic Site Settings (admin > config > system), scroll down to Front Page and enter the node.nid value or alias.

Drupal cache is one of the major subsystems that deliver Drupal's flexibility for devs.  In a nutshell, Drupal cache is about speeding up the time to render a page to a user.  Vanish or similar pending server-side set-up makes caching more efficient.

Drupal modules - to name a few Internal Dynamic Page Cache, Internal Page Cache, System

git reset, git revert, and git cherry-pick are three Git commands used for different purposes related to managing your version control history. Here's a brief overview of each command:

git reset
git revert
git cherry-pick

Android Studio error

Android Studio error

error: package android.support.v4.content does not exist

This is a problem with plugins using old Android support dependencies instead of the AndroidX equivalent.  As it's a dependency issue, to resolve add jetifier.  I know yet another package...

Android Studio build errors

Build failed error: cannot find symbol if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R)

or

cannot find symbol Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.S &&

To resolve - upgrade the compileSdkVersion and targetSdkVersion to 31 in your grade file.  Note, this setting could be in one of the following files