How to mysqldump remote db on a AWS server?

The generally accepted answer to a mysqldump is:

mysqldump -h [host] -u [user] -p [database_name] [table_name] > [file].sql

Or a variant there of...  Of course if you are logged in to the server and working from it you don't need to express the -h [host]

mysqldump -u [user] -p [database_name] [table_name] > [file].sql

But no not for me.  I wasn't seeing the success story of a downloaded database file.  Instead I was warmly embraced by error land:

mysqldump: Got error: 1045: "Access denied for user '[username]'@'localhost' (using password: NO)" when trying to connect

After a quick play around with the username I wanted to log in as and also trying root... the 1045 error kept coming up.

In my situation, the solution was to add sudo at the front of the command.  Therefore becoming

sudo mysqldump -u [user] -p [database_name] > [file].sql

Next you will be prompted for the corresponding password, and you are done.